Climate Systems: Why the World Has Different Weather Zones

London and Ulaanbaatar (the capital of Mongolia) sit at almost exactly the same latitude — roughly 51–48°N. Yet London rarely dips below −5°C in winter, while Ulaanbaatar regularly hits −30°C. How can two cities so close on a globe feel worlds apart? Think about what could make such a massive difference. Jot down two ideas before reading on.