Maths · Multiplication & Division
Multiply 2-digit by 1-digit
Multiply a two-digit number by a one-digit number.
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What does it mean?
Multiplying a two-digit number by a one-digit number means we have groups of that two-digit number. If we have 23 × 4, we have four groups of 23. We can break the number into tens and ones to make it easier.
Breaking it down
Let's think about 34 × 3. We can split 34 into 30 and 4. Then we multiply each part by 3. So 30 × 3 = 90 and 4 × 3 = 12. Add them together: 90 + 12 = 102.
The column method
We can also use columns. Write the bigger number on top and the smaller underneath. Start with the ones column. Multiply, then carry if needed. Then do the tens column. Add any carried numbers.
Watch out for carrying
When you multiply the ones, you might get a two-digit answer. Write the ones digit down and carry the tens. Don't forget to add that carry to the tens column!
Worked examples
1. 24 × 3
- Split 24 into 20 and 4.
- Multiply: 20 × 3 = 60 and 4 × 3 = 12.
- Add: 60 + 12 = 72.
2. 47 × 5
- Using columns: 7 × 5 = 35. Write 5, carry 3.
- Then 4 × 5 = 20. Add the carried 3: 20 + 3 = 23.
- Answer: 235.
3. 62 × 4
- Break it down: 60 × 4 = 240 and 2 × 4 = 8.
- Add: 240 + 8 = 248.
Try it yourself
36 × 2
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